11. Korea (2333 BCE)
Korea is a region in East Asia that is divided into two separate sovereign states: North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and South Korea, officially known as the Republic of Korea. The Korean Peninsula has a long and complex history that dates back thousands of years. The region was home to several ancient kingdoms, including Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, which eventually unified to form the Goryeo Dynasty. This period gave Korea its name and laid the foundation for its cultural and historical identity. Korea’s history includes periods of both independence and foreign rule. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Korea was annexed by Japan, leading to a tumultuous period of colonial rule until the end of World War II. Following the war, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel into two separate zones of occupation, with the Soviet Union controlling the north and the United States controlling the south.
The Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, resulted in a temporary ceasefire and the creation of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) that separates North and South Korea. North Korea is known for its tightly controlled political system, state ideology of Juche, and nuclear ambitions, which have led to international tensions and sanctions. The country’s leadership, including the Kim dynasty, has maintained a policy of self-reliance and isolation from much of the international community. South Korea, on the other hand, has experienced rapid economic growth and democratization since the end of the Korean War. The country has become a global leader in technology, innovation, and popular culture, with its entertainment industry, including K-pop and Korean dramas, gaining international acclaim. The Korean language, Hangeul, is known for its scientific and logical design, and it is considered an integral part of Korean cultural identity.